一包養網站比較【歐陽輝純】論王陽明心學的品德結構體系

Keywords: Wang Yangming; Heart Learning; Moral Structure System; Moral Value

Wang Yangming (1472-1529), a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang, is a famous philosopher, thinker, teacher, military strategist and literary scholar in our country. He is the founder of the “Study of Self-Nature” in the Ming Dynasty and a great accomplishment in the collection of mind. He is called the “first perfect person” of Confucianism in ancient and modern times. His mental thinking has had a profound impact on the history of our thinking. So, Wang Yangming’s thoughts have such a grand impact. What exactly does his thoughts have? What is the structure? This article describes this problem from the perspective of the moral structure learned by Wang Yangming in order to attract jade.

1. “Confidant” is the starting point of the moral structure of the mind.

Confidant is the origin of the moral structure of the mind. So, what is a confidant? Wang Yangming believed that a confidant is the “heart”, a kind of moral awareness ability that knows the strengths and weaknesses, understands goodness and evil, distinguishes beauty and ugliness, and is a self-aware, self-aware, self-sufficiency, and clear moral judgment ability, moral will and moral integrity of the moral subject. Wang Yangming said: “A confidant is just a long and short heart, and a short heart is just a bad heart. He has to be too angry and does not make the long and short heart, and does not make the long and short heart change.” [1]126 also said: “A long and short heart is not known, but does not learn.And ability is what you call a friend. ”[1]90 This means that a confidant has the moral ability, moral judgment and moral wiseness of self-awareness, self-awareness, self-sufficiency and clarity of self-awareness.

Confidant is possessed by everyone and is always there. He said: “Confidant is the essence of being undeveloped, and is very unmoving, and is what everyone has. ”[1]71 Confidants are not only everywhere, no time, and have transcendent nature, not limited by time, space and region. The confidants of the predecessors and ancient people are similar and compatible, that is, the so-called thousands of saints are the same, and the same in ancient times. Wang Yangming said: “Confidants are in the hearts of people, and are not from saints and fools, and are the same in ancient and modern times. ”[1]90 also said: “The law of heaven is in the hearts of the people, and in the past and present, there is no end, and the law of heaven is a confidant. ”[1]125 This is just as the japanese (Japanese) scholar Fujisaku Miura said: “Yanming believes that a confidant and a heart are the same, and is based on the perspective of the mind’s virtual and bright consciousness, and is the foundation of the mind; not only is it the name of the heaven, the saint, the true man, but also the opposite, full of stuffiness, never fading, transcending time and space, it can be said that it is not discovered, and it is also called Tai Duyun. ”[2]434-435 In Wang Yangming’s eyes, the laws of nature and the names of confidants are different, but their connotations are different. Therefore, he even believed that confidants are the “flesh and flesh” passed down by humans. He said: “The word “me” is actually a sage of flesh and blood that the sages of the ages have passed on. ”[1]1412

So, how does a confidant come from? Wang Yangming followed Mencius’s words and believed that a confidant is what he has in life. Mencius said: “What a man does not learn but is capable of is his good ability; what he does not want to know is his confidant. When a child is a child, he is not ignorant of his love; when he is too old, he is not ignorant of his respect for his brother. Be kind; respect and respect are righteousness; without others, one can achieve the whole country. ”[3]360 In Mencius’s view, a confidant is innate between human beings and birth, “to know without fear.” This is a pre-existing moral body theory. Wang Yangming inherited Mencius’ confidant thoughts and believed that a confidant was born in life and was given to others by God. He said: “The long-term and short-term heart is known without fear, and to be able without knowledge, which is what is called a confidant. A close friend lies in the hearts of people, and is inseparable from the sages and fools. It is the same in the past and present throughout the country. In the world, a righteous person can only be loyal to his confidants, but he will be able to be indifferent to his relatives, behave in a bad mood, treat others and treat his own country, and regard the people and the people as one. If you want to be cured in the whole country, you will not be able to achieve anything. ”[1]90

The confidant is inherent in humanity, so whether it is a saint or a philosopher, a confidant is the same. It is just that because people live, they suffer fame, wealth, rights, money, and beauty.Only when sex and other things are confusing, will it fall into a confidant, and will go evil and even break the law. He said: “The nature is good, so there is no bad. A confidant is the essence of being unrecognizable and unmoving, which is what everyone possesses. But it cannot be too concealed by material desires, so we must learn the past concealment.” [1]71 Therefore, in Wang Yangming’s view, all the contents of life teachings are to enable people to understand, recognize and follow their confidant, and to “material desires” and “self-interest.” This is the moral pursuit of “to be a confidant” that Wang Yangming has been striving for.

So, a confidant became the starting point of Wang Yangming’s mind-study moral structure, and his entire mind-study moral structure was developed around his confidant.